ABSTRACT
The Ecklonia cava Kjellman by-product (ECBP) as a feed additive was evaluated in improvement of productivity and immune enhancement against Salmonella Gallinarum (SG). Lohmann Brown chickens proved SG-free were randomly divided into 3 groups of 8 chickens each. Chickens were fed with the experimental diet treatment: T0, Non treatment-commercial feed; T1, commercial feed with 0.5% ECBP; T2, commercial feed with 0.1% Lactobacillus plantarum. In this study, we evaluated the effect of T1 and T2 groups on the body weight and protective efficacy against SG in chickens. The results demonstrated that treatment of T1 group as a feed additive affected significantly body weight gaining in chickens. In addition, T1 group showed a significant different colonization of SG when compared to T2 and T0 groups. We also studied that serum IgG and interferon-γ levels were significantly different compared with other treatment groups. Therefore, we suggest that ECBP can be used as a good candidate of feed additives in chicken industry.
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to determine the antibiotic susceptibilities of local Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) and Mycoplasma hyorhinis (Mhr) filed isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Mhp and Mhr field isolates (twelve each) obtained from enzootic pneumonia-like lung lesions during 2009-2011 from Korea were determined using the broth microdilution method. Tylvalosin showed the highest activity against Mhp and Mhr field isolates, with MIC90 values of 0.06 µg/mL and 0.12 µg/mL, respectively. Therefore, Korean Mhp and Mhr isolates are highly susceptible to tylvalosin.
Subject(s)
In Vitro Techniques , Korea , Lung , Methods , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , Mycoplasma hyorhinis , MycoplasmaABSTRACT
Ginseng has been widely used in Korea as a natural medicine due to its saponin contents. Although the total amount of ginseng stem and leaf saponins (GSLS) is 4~5 times higher than that of saponin in the root, the root is mainly used. This is due to two reasons: nervous system-stimulant activity of GSLS and pesticide residues in GSLS. In this study, residual agricultural pesticides were removed from GSLS using two types of bacterial treatments. Two GSLS treatment groups of chickens (GSLS-1 and GSLS-2) were established. The chickens were fed 0.4% GSLS-1 or GSLS-2 mixed with crop. We then evaluated the effects of GSLS on bodyweight and several immune parameters. At the end of the experiments, chickens fed GSLS-1 and red ginseng saponin had significantly higher growth rates (16.6% and 8.0%, respectively) compared to the vaccine control group treated with Noblis Salenvac-T. The group fed GSLS-1 also had the highest IgG titer that was significantly different at the end of experiments compared to the other groups. These findings imply that GSLS-1 is a good candidate feed additive for the chicken industry.
Subject(s)
Chickens , Immunoglobulin G , Korea , Panax , Pesticide Residues , Pesticides , SaponinsABSTRACT
Typhoid fever, a serious systemic infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, breaks out in developing countries. However, existing vaccines only induce relatively low protective effects with humoral responses and do not stimulate secondary immune response, especially to young people. The objective of this study is to evaluate the immunogenicity of the vaccine containing virulence capsular polysaccharide (Vi) conjugated with the optimal ratios of non-toxic variant of diphtheria toxin (CRM(197)) in mice. Six-week-old BALB/c female mice were injected intraperitoneally three times at intervals of 14 days and sera were collected on days 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 post-injection. The efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated by comparing between negative control group injected with PBS and vaccine groups injected with Vi or Vi-CRM(197) conjugate of different ratio. Vi and CRM(197)-specific antibody responses were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The result showed that Vi-CRM(197)-1 group revealed the highest and significant Vi-specific IgG immune responses among the other groups and Vi group (p < 0.01). In conclusion, Vi-CRM(197)-1 conjugate vaccine induced the highest humoral immune response in mice and may be used as an effective vaccine to replace the existing typhoid vaccine for infants under 2 years old.
Subject(s)
Animals , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Mice , Antibody Formation , Developing Countries , Diphtheria Toxin , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunity, Humoral , Immunoglobulin G , Salmonella enterica , Salmonella typhi , Salmonella , Typhoid Fever , Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines , Vaccines , VirulenceABSTRACT
Bacterial infection of the uterus in Hanwoo can kill embryos. Therefore, many antibiotics have been used to treat this infection in the uterus of repeat breeders. Incorrect use of antibiotics has led to resistance in bacteria. Natural compounds have used as substitutes for antibiotics because they are safe and have very mild side effects. This study was conducted to examine the antimicrobial effects of five extracts from medicinal plants including Humulus japonicas (Hj), Phelledendron amurense (Pa), Viola mandshurica (Vm), Carthamus tinctorius (Ct), and Chelidoni herba (Ch) on bacteria isolated from the uterus of Hanwoo using the paper disc diffusion method. Hj and Pa extracts had potent antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus lentus, Streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli, and Bacillus pumilus. Pa had the greatest antimicrobial effect among the five medicinal plants and was effective against 19 types of bacteria from bovine uterus. Compared to Pa, Hj showed weaker antimicrobial effects on all the bacteria tested except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Vm, Ct, and Ch also showed weak antimicrobial effects on the tested bacteria. The results obtained suggest that Hj and Pa are natural compounds suitable for treating bacterial infection in repeat breeders and improving conception rates of Hanwoo.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacillus , Bacteria , Bacterial Infections , Carthamus tinctorius , Diffusion , Embryonic Structures , Fertilization , Humulus , Plants, Medicinal , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus , Streptococcus , Uterus , ViolaABSTRACT
Bacterial infection of the uterus in Hanwoo can kill embryos. Therefore, many antibiotics have been used to treat this infection in the uterus of repeat breeders. Incorrect use of antibiotics has led to resistance in bacteria. Natural compounds have used as substitutes for antibiotics because they are safe and have very mild side effects. This study was conducted to examine the antimicrobial effects of five extracts from medicinal plants including Humulus japonicas (Hj), Phelledendron amurense (Pa), Viola mandshurica (Vm), Carthamus tinctorius (Ct), and Chelidoni herba (Ch) on bacteria isolated from the uterus of Hanwoo using the paper disc diffusion method. Hj and Pa extracts had potent antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus lentus, Streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli, and Bacillus pumilus. Pa had the greatest antimicrobial effect among the five medicinal plants and was effective against 19 types of bacteria from bovine uterus. Compared to Pa, Hj showed weaker antimicrobial effects on all the bacteria tested except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Vm, Ct, and Ch also showed weak antimicrobial effects on the tested bacteria. The results obtained suggest that Hj and Pa are natural compounds suitable for treating bacterial infection in repeat breeders and improving conception rates of Hanwoo.